em linux eror e muito lento ass passo

 

Of course! Troubleshooting a slow Linux Mint system is very methodical. We'll use a few terminal commands and system tools to find the bottleneck.

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to investigate ("verific query") what is making your Linux Mint slow. Open your terminal for these commands.

1. Check System Resource Usage (CPU and RAM)

This is the most important first step. We need to see which programs are using your computer's power. The best tool for this is htop.

• Install and run htop:

  It's like a more powerful and user-friendly version of the standard "System Monitor".

  Bash

  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install htop
  htop
  

• What to look for in htop:

  • CPU%: Look at the top of the list. Is there any process constantly using a high percentage of your CPU (e.g., 50% or more)? This could be a misbehaving application or a heavy background task.

  • MEM%: Look at the memory bar at the top. Is it almost full? Look at the MEM% column to see which applications are using the most memory (RAM). A web browser with many tabs is a common cause.

  • Load average: The numbers at the top right show the system load. If these numbers are higher than the number of CPU cores you have, your system is overloaded.

2. Check for Excessive Swapping

When your RAM is full, Linux moves less-used data to a "swap" space on your hard drive. Since your drive is much slower than RAM, this causes extreme slowness.

• Command to check swap:

  Bash

  free -h
  

  The -h makes the output "human-readable" (shows GB, MB, etc.).

• What to look for:

  Look at the Swap line. If you see a significant amount of space being "used" while your Mem (RAM) is also nearly full, it's a clear sign you are running out of RAM for your workload.

3. Check Disk I/O (Input/Output)

Sometimes the CPU and RAM are fine, but the system is slow because it's constantly waiting to read from or write to the hard drive.

• Install and run iotop:

  This tool shows disk usage per process. You need sudo to run it.

  Bash

  sudo apt install iotop
  sudo iotop
  

• What to look for in iotop:

  Look for any process that has a high value in the DISK READ or DISK WRITE columns. This will tell you if a specific application is overusing your storage, which is a major cause of slowdowns, especially on older mechanical hard drives (HDDs).

4. Check Disk Space

A full hard drive can make a Linux system very slow, as it has no room for temporary files and swap.

• Command to check disk space:

  Bash

  df -h
  

• What to look for:

  Look at the Use% column. If your root partition (/) or your home partition (/home) is over 90-95% full, you need to free up space immediately.

  • To clean up: A safe command to run is sudo apt autoremove, which removes old software dependencies and kernels.

5. Check for Overheating

A CPU that is running too hot will automatically slow itself down (this is called "thermal throttling") to prevent damage.

• Install and run sensors:

  Bash

  sudo apt install lm-sensors
  sudo sensors-detect  # Press ENTER for all the questions (the default is safe)
  sensors
  

• What to look for:

  Check the temperatures for your CPU cores. If they are consistently high (e.g., above 85-90°C) while the system is slow, overheating is likely the cause. The solution is usually to clean the dust from inside the computer's fans and vents.

---

Step-by-Step Plan:

1. Start with htop. Leave it running in a terminal. See what process spikes when your system feels slow.

2. In another terminal, check disk space with df -h.

3. If htop doesn't show a clear CPU/RAM issue, run sudo iotop to check for disk activity.

4. If nothing is obvious, check temperatures with sensors.

5. Finally, make sure your system is fully updated using the Update Manager.

If you do these checks and are still unsure, please share the output of the following command. It provides a detailed summary of your system hardware and software, which can be very helpful for further diagnosis.

Bash

inxi -Fxz